Hello every one. Maine pichli post me c programming kya hai. Aur iske kya use hai aur c langauge ke phayade kya kya hai is baare me bataya tha, and ab is post me hum jane ge ki computer Architecture kya hai aur iske kya use hai. Is baare me jane ge Computer se apna manpasand work karwane ke liye sabse pahle hame computer ke Architecture ko achi tarh se samagh na hoga. Computer Architecture ko bina samghe hum computer programming ko achi tarah se nhi samgh sakte hai. Computer system ko main three (3) parts me define kiya gaya hai.
1. I/O Devices
Ve devices jinse computer me data input kiya jata hai aur computer se data output(result) liya jata hai. Unhe I/O Devices kahate hai. Jaise Keyboard ek Standard input device hai. Aur monitor ek Standard output device hai.
2. Center Processing Unit (CPU)
Yah ek Microprocessor Chip hota hai. Ise computer ka mind bhi kahte hai. Kyoki computer me job hi work hota hai, un sabhi works ko ya to CPU karta hai ya computer ke aur devices se us work ko karwata hai. Iska main work kai tarah ke programs ko Execute karna hota hai. Is CPU me bhi alag alag parts hote hai. Jo alag – alag works karte hai.
· Control Unit
Is unit ka main work saare computer ko control karna. CPU ka ye main part computer ki internal work ka (संचालन) karta hai. Yah Input/Output device ko control karta hai. Aur sath sath hi ALU aur memory ke bitch data processing निर्देशषित karta hai.
Yah program ko execute karne ke liye program ke instructions ko memory se leta hai. Aur in instructions ko electrical singnals me convert karke ek unique device tak pahuchata hai. Jis se data par processing ho sake. Control Unit ALU ko yah batata hay Ki processing ke liye data memory me kaha par store hai. Data par kya action lena hai. Aur after processing Data ko memory me kaha store karna hai. Ye pura ka pura works Control Unit ke through hi hota hai.
·Arithmetic Logic Unit(ALU)
CPU ke is part me sabhi pyakar ki अंकगणित aur तार्किक प्रतिक्रियाएं hoti hai. is part me essa Electronic Cricuit hota hai. Jo Binary Arithmetic ki calculation karta hai. ALU control unit se निर्देशleta hai, Memory se data leta hai aur result ko ya processed data ko wapas memory me hi store kar deta hai.
Registers
Microprocessor me kuch essi memory hoti hai. Jo kam time ke liye data ko store kar sakti hai. Inko hi Register kaha jata hai. Control Unit ke निर्देश ke hisaab se jo program instructions aur data memory se aate hai. We ALU me calculation ke liye registers me store hote rahte hai. ALU me processing ke baad return ye data memory me store ho jate hai.
3. Memory
Memory computer ki working storage hoti hai. Yah computer ka sabse main part hai. Isse RAM bhi kahte hai, issi me process hone wale data aur data par processing karne ke liye program instruction hote hai. Jinhe control unit(ALU) me processing ke liye registers me bhejta hai. Processing ke baade jo information ya processed data gerenate hote hai, we bhi memory me akar store hote hai.
Memory me data ko store karne ke liye bahut saari storage location hoti hai. Aur har storage lacation 1byte ki hoti hai.aur har storage lacation ka ek number hota hai. Jise us memory lacation ka Address kahte hai. Har storage location ki pahchaan uske Address se hoti hai. 1 byte ki RAM me ek hi Character store ho sakta hai. Aur sirf ek hi storage lacation ho sakti hai. Isi tarah 1 KB ki RAM me 1024 storage location ho sakti hai. Aur isme 1024 character store ho sakte hai aur 1024 hi storage location ho sakti hai.
Jis tarah se hum kisi Ghar me kai tarah ke samaan rakhte hai. Aur jarurat hone par us ghar se us samaan ko le sakte hai. Same ussi tarah se memory me bhi alag-alag storage cells me hum apni jarurat ke hisaab se alag-alag data store kar sakte hai aur jarurat padne par unka use bhi kar sakte hai.